Biography+on+Apostle+Paul

toc

=**Before he was converted **=

= = Many people are probably familiar with Paul, and know that he was primarily the missionary to the Gentiles, one of the greatest heroes of the faith, and the author of many New Testament books. However, some people might be surprised how little they actually know about Paul. Paul was born in a city called Tarsus. According to Pollock, “Tarsus was the principal city of the lush plain of Cilicia in the southwest corner of Asia Minor.”[|[i]] Pollock also informs us that Paul’s father was probably a tentmaker, and that we do not know anything about Paul’s mother.[|[ii]] As a boy, Paul was trained to be a tentmaker. Paul was extremely educated, as one commentator states, “The College for the education of Jewish rabbis was in Jerusalem, and there Paul was sent at about the age of thirteen.”[|[iii]] One commentator asserts that for several years, a member of the Sanhedrin, named Gamaliel, taught Paul and caused him to grow in wisdom and knowledge.[|[iv]] Pollock explains because Paul was training to be a rabbi, he needed to be able to provide income for himself, and therefore learned how to be a tentmaker just like his father.[|[v]] Paul not only was extremely educated but also had a noteworthy background. He lists some of his credentials in Philippians 3, “If anyone else has a mind to put confidence in the flesh, I far more, circumcised the eighth day, of the nation of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; as to the Law, a Pharisee; as to zeal, a persecutor of the church; as to the righteousness which is in the Law, found blameless.” Paul had every right to be prideful in himself, but as the very next verse states, “But whatever were gains to me I now consider loss for the sake of Christ. What is more, I consider everything a loss because of the surpassing worth of knowing Christ Jesus my Lord, for whose sake I have lost all things.” Because of the Lord’s work in Paul’s life, Paul became a truly humble God-fearing man. Dibelius explains who Saul was by stating that he was, “…A young Jew, schooled in the Law, but knowing more and looking further than did the average future rabbi; a Pharisee, but also a Roman citizen, passionately devoted to the service of God and his Law; ready to convert others and to defend himself.” The first mention of Paul in the book of Acts is at the stoning of Stephen. Bruce states, “...He expressed approval of Stephen’s execution in a public manner by keeping the clothes of the executioners…” [|[vi]] Acts 7:58b states, “Meanwhile, the witnesses laid their coats at the feet of a young man named Saul.” At the beginning of chapter 8 we read how Saul was in full support of the stoning of Stephen. Johnson believes that the plot to kill Stephen may have come from Saul himself.[|[vii]] = **Paul’s Conversion ** =

= = In Acts 8:3 it says, “But Saul began ravaging the church, entering house after house, and dragging off men and women, he would put them in prison.”[|[viii]] Saul was given a letter from the high priest, which gave him the authority to persecute Christians in Damascus, as Dibelius explains.[|[ix]] Acts 9:2 explains that Saul was going to bring any Christians he could find, back to Jerusalem with Him. The account of Paul’s conversion is described vividly in Acts 9 where it says, “As he was traveling, it happened that he was approaching Damascus, and suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him; and he fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to him, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting Me?’ And he said, ‘Who are You, Lord?’ And He said, ‘I am Jesus whom you are persecuting, but get up and enter the city, and it will be told you what you must do.’” Saul’s companions were able to hear the encounter but could not see it like Saul could; however Johnson explains, “In 22:9 the exact opposite of this is stated: the companions saw the light but did not hear the voice!”[|[x]] Acts 9 continues to recount that Saul was led to Damascus and did not eat, drink, or see anything for three days. The Lord sent Ananias to heal Saul of his blindness. Saul was then baptized and was filled with the Holy Spirit. Paul actually waited approximately 7 or 8 years before actually beginning his official ministry for the Lord according to Stalker. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xi]] Halstead explains that “During these years in Tarsus, at least four very important things were accomplished: The fierce opposition of the Jews against Paul declined, Paul reread and rethought the OT and acknowledged the truth concerning the Messiah as revealed in Jesus, He began to think through a system of Doctrine, and His mind and heart were being prepared for a ministry to the Gentiles.”<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xii]] The apostles start preaching in Samaria to Samaritans who were not gentiles. One commentator states, “This first step outside Jerusalem prepares the way for much larger and more dangerous expansions of the people and with it the vision of what God is doing in history (in chapters 10-15).”<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xiii]] = **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Paul’s Missionary Journeys ** =

= = <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; margin-bottom: 16pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">“The church of Antioch sent Paul and Barnabas on the first “missionary journey” after laying hands on them and blessing them as Bruce indicates.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xiv]] While traveling, Paul always began by preaching in Jewish synagogues. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xv]] Stalker explains that they traveled first to Cyprus and then Perga where Barnabas’ nephew John Mark abandoned them, possibly due to the danger that may have awaited them there.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xvi]] From there they travel to Antioch Pisidia where, “Paul addresses the Jews about God’s promise. The address rehearses the history of Israel from its origin to David and then leaps over a thousand years to John the Baptist and Jesus”<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xvii]] On this missionary journey they also traveled for a short period of time to Iconium, Lystra, and covered around 900 miles during the entire trip covering about 15 miles per day. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xviii]] At the end of the first missionary journey, they went back to the cities that they had visited on the trip. Munck states, “Here they tried to strengthen the congregations and to prepare them for what they had already experienced, namely, that the road to the kingdom of God led through persecutions and tribulations.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xix]] These new gentile converts that were won to the faith during this journey would end up suffering a lot. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xx]] This missionary journey occurred during 47-49 AD lasting 1-2 years. Paul wrote the book of Galatians during this missionary journey according to Halstead.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxi]] Shortly after returning to Antioch, Paul encounters problems about salvation, which are addressed in the Jerusalem council. At this time, before Paul went on his second journey, people who wanted to become Christians could only do so by becoming a Jew.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxii]] Paul and Barnabas disagree; they believe that Gentiles can be saved by grace through faith, not by having to be circumcised or becoming a Jew.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxiii]] There is a council that meets to discuss this issue and as a result “It completely legitimates the Gentile mission. It also establishes faith alone rooted in the grace of God through Christ alone as the principle of inclusion and it does so by showing continuity with the promises of old.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxiv]] One commentator explains what the result of the council was by stating, “The proposal made by James was adopted and the Apostolic Decree was now, through Paul and Barnabas and two representatives of the Jerusalem church, Judas and Silas, transmitted to the Gentile Christians in Antioch, Syria, and Cilcia by word of mouth and by letter.”<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxv]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; margin-bottom: 16pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">On Paul’s second missionary journey, he visited Derbe, Lystra, Phrygia and Galatia, as well as Philippi, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens and Corinth.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxvi]] “On this journey, he delivered the Apostolic Decree to the churches, which were strengthened in the faith and the number of the disciples continued to increase” as Munck explains.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxvii]] Before leaving on the second journey, Paul and Barnabas had a disagreement about whether or not they should take John Mark with them. This results in Paul and Barnabas going separate ways. John Mark went with Barnabas and Paul took Silas along. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxviii]] After Paul and Silas arrived in Derbe, Timothy joined them and got circumcised due to his Jewish heritage.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxix]] Because the Holy Spirit prevented Paul from going to Asia or Bithynia, he went to Troas where he had a vision telling him to journey to Macedonia.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxx]] Paul did so, and it was at this point that Christianity entered Europe. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxi]] During this time, Paul continued his ministry of preaching the gospel to the Gentiles. At this time, Luke probably joined Paul, for Luke uses the word “we” in the narrative.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxii]] After Macedonia, Paul and companions traveled to Philippi where they encountered Lydia and the slave girl whom they cured of her demon. Her owners were outraged and as a result they were beaten and put in prison. God protected them and used an earthquake to release them. One of the jailers came to saving faith in Christ as a result of Paul’s witness. The rulers then felt bad about what they did and decided that Paul and Silas should be released. Paul demanded that they would not be released privately. Paul wanted the magistrates to find out that he and Silas were Romans citizens and had been treated so poorly without a trial - which was illegal. Once they found out, they requested that Paul and Silas leave Philippi.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxiii]] They left and headed to Berea where they encountered more welcoming listeners, sadly Paul is forced to flee due to Jewish persecution. Silas and Timothy eventually joined him. Paul arrived in Athens alone and began preaching to the Jews and Gentiles there. Paul gave a well known speech while in Athens that addressed the peoples’ worship of false gods and even “an unknown god.” He proceeded to explain that the God they called unknown was, “the Creator of the world, who did not need temples or sacrifices as did the gods of the Athens, but who had from the beginning of the world so arranged men’s life on earth that they should seek and, if possible, find God.” <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxiv]] Paul spoke to them about his faith and preached the gospel to them. His listeners left him and he was left by himself. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxv]] From there Paul journeyed to Corinth where he met and worked with Aquila and Priscilla. At some point during his time in Corinth, Silas and Timothy joined him. Paul was rejected by the Jews there and began preaching to the Gentiles. During his time in Corinth, Paul had a vision in which Jesus told him to continue preaching in Corinth. The Jews eventually “accused him of persuading people to worship God against the Law.” Paul was beaten but was not their accusation failed and he continued his ministry in Corinth. He then traveled to Caesarea and Antioch. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxvi]] Paul’s second missionary journey took place around 49-52 AD, and lasted 2-3 years. On this journey, Paul wrote 1st and 2nd Thessalonians while in Corinth.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxvii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; margin-bottom: 16pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">On Paul’s third missionary journey he went back to cities that he went to on his first journey. Once Paul got to Ephesus, he remained for more than two years and endeavored to establish a firm foundation of their faith. Bock states, “The unit’s major incident occurs here as the Ephesians react when the commerce associated with the goddess Artemis is affected and magic books are burned. Also an exorcism makes a deep impression. Toward the end of the unit, Paul directs the Ephesian elders to exercise careful oversight of their community.”<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxviii]] This journey took place from 52-56 AD lasting about 3-4 years. On this journey Paul wrote 1st and 2nd Corinthians and Romans.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxix]] After being arrested and held in Jerusalem, and then Caesarea where he stood before Governor Felix, governor Festus, and Herod Agrippa II, Paul went to Rome where he was imprisoned yet again. While in prison, Paul wrote Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xl]] Paul actually had a fourth missionary journey, however it is not recorded in the Bible. This journey lasted 3-4 years. Paul visited Greece, Asia Minor, Crete, and Spain. On this journey Paul wrote 1st Timothy, Titus, and eventually 2nd Timothy from Rome. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xli]] Paul eventually headed back to Jerusalem where he ended up getting arrested and going to Rome. Despite his friends warning, Paul knew he would be in danger in Rome, but decided to go anyway. “Paul will trust in the Lord in the midst of his suffering” according to Bock.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xlii]] Paul ministered to the Jews and eventually the Gentiles in Rome. Paul was under house arrest in Rome for two years. During this time, Paul witnesses even in public. Regrettably, Acts ends without explaining what happened after this. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xliii]] Paul, chained to a guard who switched every couple hours, had the opportunity to witness to them directly. One author explains that tradition helps us understand what happened to Paul after prison by stating, “It tells us that he was acquitted on his trial and let out of prison; that he resumed his travels, visiting Spain among other places; but that before long he was arrested again and sent back to Rome, where he died a martyr’s death at the cruel hands of Nero.<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xliv]]

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Bibliography on Paul: ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Bock, Darrell L. //Acts (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament)//. publication <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; text-indent: 35pt;">place: Baker Academic, 2007. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; margin-left: 35pt; text-indent: -35pt;">Bruce, F.F. //The Book of Acts (New International Commentary on the New Testament)//. Rev Sub ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Dibelius, Martin (1883-1947). //Paul. Edited and Completed by Werner// //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Georg Kummel. Translated by Frank Clarke //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">. 4th Edition ed. unknown: Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1962. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Johnson, Luke Timothy. //The Acts of the Apostles (Sacra Pagina Series//. Vol. 5). Collegeville, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; margin-left: 35pt;">Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1992. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; margin-left: 35pt; text-indent: -35pt;">Loewenich, Walther Von. //Paul His Life and Work//. publication place: Oliver and Boyd, 1960. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Munck, Johannes. The Acts of the Apostles (Anchor Bible, Vol 31). Garden City, New York: <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; text-indent: 0.5in;">Anchor Bible, 1967.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Pollock, John. //The Apostle: A Life of Paul (John Pollock Series)//. New ed. Garden City, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; text-indent: 35pt;">New York: David C. Cook, 1994

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; margin-left: 35pt; text-indent: -35pt;">Stalker, James. //Life of Saint Paul, The//. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1984.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[i]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Pollock John, //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">The Apostle: A Life of Paul (John Pollock Series) //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">, New ed. (Garden City, New York: David C. Cook, 1994), 4. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[ii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Ibid., //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">5. // <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[iii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> James Stalker, //Life of Saint Paul,// (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1984), 27. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[iv]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Pollock John, //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">The Apostle: A Life of Paul (John Pollock Series) //<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">, New ed. (Garden City, New York: David C. Cook, 1994), //6.// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[v]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid//., 7.// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[vi]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">F.F. Bruce, //The Book of Acts (New International Commentary on the New Testament)//, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Rev Sub ed. (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988), 172-173. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[vii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Luke Timothy Johnson, //The Acts of the Apostles (Sacra Pagina Series//, vol. 5) (Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1992), 143. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[viii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Martin (1883-1947) Dibelius, //Paul. Edited and Completed by Werner Georg Kummel. Translated by Frank Clarke//, 4th Edition ed. (unknown: Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1962), page 45. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[ix]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 46-47. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[x]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Luke Timothy Johnson, //The Acts of the Apostles (Sacra Pagina Series//, vol. 5) (Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1992), page 163. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xi]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> James Stalker, //Life of Saint Paul,// (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1984), page 58. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Tom Halstead, New Testament II, (course notes, The Master’s College, Santa Clarita, CA, Fall 2010). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xiii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Luke Timothy Johnson, //The Acts of the Apostles (Sacra Pagina Series//, vol. 5) (Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1992), 221. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xiv]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> The Book of Acts 261-262. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xv]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Luke Timothy Johnson, //The Acts of the Apostles (Sacra Pagina Series//, vol. 5) (Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1992), 221. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xvi]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> James Stalker, //Life of Saint Paul,// (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1984), 58. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xvii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Darrell L. Bock, //Acts (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament)// (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007), page 448. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xviii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 437. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xix]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Johannes Munck, //The Acts of the Apostles (Anchor Bible, Vol 31)// (Garden City, New York: Anchor Bible, 1967), page 135. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xx]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid 135. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxi]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Tom Halstead, New Testament II, (course notes, The Master’s College, Santa Clarita, CA, Fall 2010). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Walther Von Loewenich, //Paul His Life and Work// (London: Oliver and Boyd, 1960), page 65. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxiii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Darrell L. Bock, //Acts (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament)// (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007), 486. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxiv]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 493. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxv]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Johannes Munck, //The Acts of the Apostles (Anchor Bible, Vol 31)// (Garden City, New York: Anchor Bible, 1967), 143. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxvi]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Darrell L. Bock, //Acts (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament)// (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007), 517. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxvii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Johannes Munck, //The Acts of the Apostles (Anchor Bible, Vol 31)// (Garden City, New York: Anchor Bible, 1967), 156. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxviii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Darrell L. Bock, //Acts (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament)// (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007), page 518. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxix]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 521. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxx]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 525. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxi]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Johannes Munck, //The Acts of the Apostles (Anchor Bible, Vol 31)// (Garden City, New York: Anchor Bible, 1967), 158. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Darrell L. Bock, //Acts (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament)// (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007), 525. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxiii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Johannes Munck, //The Acts of the Apostles (Anchor Bible, Vol 31)// (Garden City, New York: Anchor Bible, 1967), 162-163. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxiv]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 167. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxv]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> James Stalker, //Life of Saint Paul,// (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1984), page 83. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxvi]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Johannes Munck, //The Acts of the Apostles (Anchor Bible, Vol 31)// (Garden City, New York: Anchor Bible, 1967), 178. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxvii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Tom Halstead, New Testament II, (course notes, The Master’s College, Santa Clarita, CA, Fall 2010). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxviii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Darrell L. Bock, //Acts (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament)// (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007), 589. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xxxix]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Tom Halstead, New Testament II, (course notes, The Master’s College, Santa Clarita, CA, Fall 2010). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xl]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Ibid., <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xli]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Ibid., <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xlii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Darrell L. Bock, //Acts (Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament)// (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007), 525. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xliii]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Johannes Munck, //The Acts of the Apostles (Anchor Bible, Vol 31)// (Garden City, New York: Anchor Bible, 1967), 260. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[|[xliv]] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> James Stalker, //Life of Saint Paul,// (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1984), page 138-139. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">M. R. De Haan, //Simon Peter: Sinner and Saint// (Grand Rapids, MI: Grand Rapids, MI, U.S.A.: Zondervan Publishing, 1954, 1954), 11. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Oscar Cullmann, //Peter. Disciple Apostle Martyr// (New York: The World Publishing Company, 1961), 21-23. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Michael Grant, //SAINT PETER: A BIOGRAPHY//, 1st Scribner Ed ed. (New York, New York: Scribner, 1995), 55-59. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Michael Card, //A Fragile Stone: The Emotional Life of Simon Peter// (Downers Grove, IL: IVP Books, 2003), 16-17. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">F. B. (Frederick Brotherton) Meyer, //Peter: Fisherman, Disciple, Apostle: -1919// (Unknown: Cornell University Library, 1950), 14. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">M. R. De Haan, //Simon Peter: Sinner and Saint// (Grand Rapids, MI: Grand Rapids, MI, U.S.A.: Zondervan Publishing, 1954, 1954), 19-20. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 18. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 43-45. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Luke 5:8 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">M. R. De Haan, //Simon Peter: Sinner and Saint// (Grand Rapids, MI: Grand Rapids, MI, U.S.A.: Zondervan Publishing, 1954, 1954), 46. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 46-47. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Johannes Munck, //The Acts of the Apostles (Anchor Bible, Vol 31)// (Garden City, New York: Anchor Bible, 1967), 17. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 19. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 25. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 30. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Ibid., 31,35. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';"> Luke Timothy Johnson, //The Acts of the Apostles (Sacra Pagina Series//, vol. 5) (Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 1992), 101. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">[xliv] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Johannes Munck, //The Acts of the Apostles (Anchor Bible, Vol 31)// (Garden City, New York: Anchor Bible, 1967), 49-50.

media type="custom" key="9723214"

media type="custom" key="9723216"